Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea
Main Contributors:
Johanna Yletyinen
Other Contributors:
Summary
Oxygen deficiency in the Gulf of Finland is caused by the restricted water exchange of the deep water and eutrophication. Semi-permanent hypoxia and anoxia occurs in the deep basins of the Gulf of Finland. The hypoxic area may cover 77 000 to 100 000 km2 of bottom; it is an important factor affecting the living conditions.
Type of regime shift
Ecosystem type
- Marine & coastal
Land uses
- Fisheries
Spatial scale of the case study
- Sub-continental/regional (e.g. southern Africa, Amazon basin)
Continent or Ocean
- Europe
Region
- North Europe
Countries
- Russia
- Estonia
- Finland
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Key References
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Laine AO, Andersin AB, Leiniö S, Zuur AF. 2007. Stratification-induced hypoxia as a structuring factor of macrozoobenthos in the open Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). Journal of Sea Research 57, 65-77.
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Laine AO, Sandler H, Andersin AB, Stigzelius J. 1997. Long-term changes of macrozoobenthos in the Eastern Gotland Basin and the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) in relation to the hydrographical regime. Journal of Sea Research 38, 135-159.
Citation
Johanna Yletyinen.
Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea.
In: Regime Shifts Database, www.regimeshifts.org.
Last revised 2012-03-17 19:06:01 GMT.